Self injury as a result of being powerless

Most of us act at some time in a way that is harmful to our body whether it be by drinking, smoking or other excesses. This leaflet is about the need to inflict injury on oneself in a more deliberate way such as cutting, burning, stabbing, scratching, hair pulling and bruising. Such action is rarely an attempt at suicide or an expression of madness; however, it is a sign there are problems that need addressing.

What makes someone want to hurt themselves?

The origins of self-harm often lie in a deep feeling of being powerless, trapped, or without choice. This may come from unhappy experiences in the past or a traumatic event such as being attacked. Current events can reinforce old feelings of distress, particularly when life is very stressful, or a person feels isolated, lacking support or understanding, or is under constant criticism. Resorting to self injury is a way of both indicating that difficulties exist and is also an attempt to cope with the problems. Although harming oneself is not a constructive way of dealing with these difficulties, it may serve some of the following functions:

to tell people something is wrong
to legitimise feelings of pain
to gain a sense of control
to distract and bring a sense of relief
to manage unacceptable feelings such as anger
to punish oneself
to protest
to express shame and self hatred
to overcome numbness and restore a capacity to feel
to cleanse.

If you want help because you injure yourself

It is very important you care for your injuries with basic first aid: keep cuts clean and wrapped, burns need to be cooled and covered. If you are in any doubt, do seek some medical help, perhaps from a college nurse or your doctor.

the more you understand your need to injure yourself, the more likely you are to be able to make choices and look after yourself
talking to a friend or relative about your feelings and self-injury may help, but choose carefully who to tell. Be prepared for an emotional, even shocked reaction - and go on to say what you need, such as to be listened to not lectured; to be treated normally and not repeatedly asked if you are O.K.; to be distracted or offered companionship; or even to be given a hug and a cup of tea!
if you feel uncomfortable about talking to a relative or friend, then turn read more