Osteoporosis
(thinning of the bones) Deficiency of estrogen results in loss of bone mass. A decrease in bone mass may lead to curvature of the spine, fractures of the vertebrae, loss of height and pain.Cardiovascular Disease
Many studies have shown that the risk of cardiovascular disease, including heart attacks and strokes, are increased in postmenopausal women. This is thought to be caused by estrogen related changes in levels of cholesterol and other blood lipids (fats).Vaginal/Urinary Change
Vaginal tissues and tissues of the bladder are estrogen sensitive. Without estrogen, these tissues start to degenerate, resulting in symptoms of vaginal dryness, painful intercourse, painful urination and incontinence.How can you be evaluated for menopause?
Menopause is diagnosed primarily by its symptoms. If a woman who is almost 50 years old or older stops menstruating completely, a presumptive diagnosis of menopause can be made without further testing. Diagnosis is slightly different in a younger woman who has signs and symptoms of menopause. Special hormonal blood tests may be necessary to confirm the diagnosis. Your doctor will be happy to discuss this with you further.Treatment options
Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT)
As stated earlier, many of the symptoms and complications of menopause occur as the result of a deficiency in estrogen. Most women will eventually need to decide whether or not to take hormone replacement therapy (HRT). HRT can have beneficial effects for many women, but it is not for everyone. For further information, go to our section on hormone replacement therapy.Calcium supplementation for prevention of osteoporosis.
Postmenopausal women on HRT should take 1,000 mg of calcium daily. Women not on HRT should take 1,500 mg of calcium daily. Ask your physician regarding other bone sparing medications including vitamin D, and phosphorous containing medications.Nutrition
Eating a reasonable diet will help you throughout and after menopause. Choose foods low in fat, saturated fat and cholesterol. Eat fruits, vegetables and whole grain cereal products, especially those high in vitamin c and carotene. Eat very little salt-cured and smoked foods such as sausages, smoked fish and ham, bacon and hot dogs. Avoid food and drinks containing processed sugar.Exercise
Regular exercise benefits the heart and bones, helps regulate weight and contributes to a sense of overall well-being and improvement in mood. Weight bearing exercises such as walking and running help to increase bone mass. Moderate exercise preserves bone mass in the spine, helping reduce the risk of fractures. Consult your doctor before starting a rigorous exercise program. He or she will help you decide which types of exercises are best for you. An exercise program should start slowly and build up to more strenuous activities.(published with permission in writing from:http://www.blackwomenshealth.com/)
