Huntington's Disease

Huntington’s disease (HD) is an inherited (runs in families) disease that causes the death of certain types of brain cells (neurons). This leads to symptoms of uncontrolled movements, loss of intellectual faculties, and emotional disturbance. The disease can develop both when a person is very young or older. Some cases develop after the age of 55. Early signs of the disease vary greatly from person to person. Family members may first notice that the person has mood swings or becomes more irritable, apathetic, passive, depressed, or angry than is normal for that person. These symptoms may lessen as the disease progresses or, in some people, may continue and include hostile outbursts or deep bouts of depression. HD may affect a person’s judgment, memory, and other functions that involve thinking. Early signs might include having trouble driving, learning new things, remembering a fact, answering a question, or making a decision. Some may even display changes in handwriting. As the disease progresses, concentration on intellectual tasks becomes harder. In some people, the disease may begin with uncontrolled movements in the fingers, feet, face, or trunk. These movements often intensify when the person is anxious. HD can also begin with mild clumsiness or problems with balance. Some people develop the uncontrolled movements later, after the disease has progressed. They may stumble or appear uncoordinated. The disease can reach the point where speech is slurred and vital functions, such as swallowing, eating, speaking, and especially walking, continue to decline. Some people cannot recognize other family members. Many, however, remain aware of their environment and are able to express emotions. In general, the duration of the illness ranges from 10 to 30 years.