- Susceptibility to infectious diseases due to an impaired immune system.
- An increased risk of blood clots (thrombosis).
- Muscle wasting.
- Malnourishment.
- Weakening of the bones.
Diagnosis
A referral to a nephrologist (kidney specialist) may be required in order for a diagnosis to be made. The doctor will take samples of the blood and urine. If these samples show large amounts of protein in the urine, the doctor may recommend a kidney biopsy. A kidney biopsy is where a tiny piece of kidney is removed by a needle and studied under a microscope. This procedure usually involves a one-day stay in hospital and is performed under a local anaesthetic. Ultrasound scanning of the kidneys may also be performed.Treatment
Treatment will depend on the underlying cause of the condition and is aimed at alleviating symptoms and preventing complications. Treating the underlying cause of nephrotic syndrome may also help to alleviate symptoms. The doctor or a dietitian may recommend a special diet aimed at controlling the amount of salt in the body. The doctor may also recommend restricting fluid intake or may prescribe medications that increase the amount of urine produced (diuretic). Bed rest will help to reduce swelling. Corticosteroid medications (eg: prednisone) may be prescribed. Medications to decrease high blood pressure (hypertension), high blood cholesterol levels and high protein levels in the urine may also be prescribed. Overall, it is important to maintain good health and nutrition and to ensure other medical conditions are treated promptly. Long-term nephrotic syndrome can lead to irreparable damage to the glomeruli leading to kidney failure and necessitating treatment with dialysis, or eventually, kidney transplant.(published with permission in writing from:http://www.southerncross.co.nz)
